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About IMMC
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IMM
About Integrated Malaria Management
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Data
Scientific Data and Management Information
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Links
Links to pdf reports and studies
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Costs
The cost and effectiveness of different interventions
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Multiple Interventions
Integrated Malaria Management (IMM) uses multiple interventions. The choice of
interventions depends on available data and the analysis of this information.
A cost effectiveness model of IMM suggests that the cost effectiveness of a
program that makes optimum use of a variety of interventions will be very much
better than the program that uses only a limited set of interventions, or even
just a single intervention. The model also suggests that the specific facts about
the place, and the scale of the intervention also has a big bearing on the cost
effectiveness.
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Understanding the problem in generalities is not good enough. The devil's
in the details. There needs to be good data about the community, the behavior
of the mosquitoes throughout their life cycle, the status of the malaria
parasite in the mosquito population, the prevalence of malaria parasites
in the human population, and details of all the interventions that are
going on.
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Environmental clean up is a powerful tool to reduce the impact of malaria in
a community. It was used during the Gorgas campaign to control malaria
during the construction of the Panama Canal. It can be done in any community
using community workers and volunteers.
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The best way to limit a mosquito population is to minimise recruitment. Killing
the larvae before they become mobile adults is often the best way to proceed.
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Spraying the interior vertical surfaces of homes with a pesticide reduces malaria
transmission by both toxicity and by repellant action. DDT is the most effective
pesticide because it lasts a long time and has the strongest repellant action.
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Mosquitoes can be killed by ultra low volume (ULV) spraying of pesticides. This can
be done manually, using vehicle mounted sprays or using aircraft fitted with spray
equipment. The sprays used are highly toxic to mosquitoes, but not to humans and
other species of insect and animals.
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For individual and family use, insecticide treated bednets reduce malaria
transmission. Modern textiles give long lasting quality to the bednet, otherwise
they need frequent retreatment.
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When malaria is diagnosed, it should be treated. Some malaria is resistant to some
drugs. Malaria is dangerous for children, and debilitating for adults. Clinics are
often poorly equipped, medicines in short supply and staff overworked.
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IMM
About Integrated Malaria Management
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Surveillance, data collection and analysis
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Environmental clean-up
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Source control
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Interior residual spraying
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Ultra Low Volume (ULV) spraying
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Personal protection ... insecticide treated bednets
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The medical dimension
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